181 - Arteriographic abnormalities in Takayasu disease

Artery	Percent of Arteriographic  Abnormalities	Potential Clinical Manifestations
Subclavian	93	Arm claudication, Raynaud's phenomenon
Common carotid	58	Visual changes, syncope, transient  ischemic attacks, stroke
Abdominal aortaa	47	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Renal	38	Hypertension, renal failure
Aortic arch or root	35	Aortic insufficiency, congestive heart failure
Vertebral	35	Visual changes, dizziness
Coeliac axisa	18	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Superior mesenterica	18	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Iliac	17	Leg claudication
Pulmonary	10–40	Atypical chest pain, dyspnea
Coronary	<10	Chest pain, myocardial infarction

^aArteriographic lesions at these locations are usually asymptomatic but may potentially cause these symptoms.

182 - Chemical carcinogens - IARC group 1 (selected)

CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN	PREDOMINANT TUMOR TYPE
Aflatoxins	Liver cancer
Benzene	Leukemia
Cyclophosphamide	Bladder cancer, Leukemia
Diethyl stilbestrol (DES)	Vaginal and clear cell adenocarcinomas
Estrogen replacement therapy	Endometrial and breast cancers
Tamoxifen	Endometrial cancer
Tobacco products (smokeless)	Oral cancer
Nickel	Lung cancer
Cadmium	Lung cancer
Chromium (VI) compounds	Lung cancer
Beryllium	Lung cancer
Tobacco smoke	Lung cancer, Oral cancer, Pharyngeal cancer, Laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer (squamous cell), pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, Liver cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Cervical cancer, Leukemia
Vinyl chloride	Angiosarcoma of liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, brain tumors, lung cancer, malignancies of lymphatic and hematopoietic system
Chlorambucil	Leukemia
Arsenic	Skin cancer
Benzidine	Bladder cancer
Coal tar	Skin cancer and scrotal cancer
Ethylene oxide	Leukemia and lymphoma
Chinese style salted fish	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo -para-dioxin)	Soft tissue sarcoma

*IARC stands for International agency for Research on Cancer.

*Only tumor types for which causal relationships are established are listed here.

*Tamoxifen is shown to prevent contralateral breast cancer.

181 - Complement system pathways