230 - Fanconi’s syndrome is generalized dysfunction of proximal renal tubule leading to glycosuria - hyperphosphaturia - hypophasphatemia - aminoaciduria - and systemic acidosis; may be associated with out-dated tetracyclines.
231 - hangman’s fracture is fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 - hyperextension injury.
232 - Castellani’s paint is topical fungicidal and bactericidal mixture of resorcinol (8 g) - acetone (4 mL) - magenta (0.4 g) - phenol (4 g) - boric acid (0.8 g) - industrial methylated spirit 90% (8.5 mL) - and water (to 100 mL); particularly effective against intertriginous tinea and acute Candida paronychia; named after Sir Aldo Castellani.
233 - McDonald’s sign is uterine corpus and cervix can be easily flexed on each other due to Hegar’s sign.
234 - Paget’s disease of vulva is intraepithelial adenocarcinoma - less than 1% of all vulva malignancies.
235 - Finkelstein’s test is in de Quervain’s tenosynovitis - dorsal thumb pain when the wrist is deviated in an ulnar fashion and the thumb is flexed across the palm.
236 - Rotor’s syndrome is poorly defined defects in hepatic uptake and storage of bilirubin; resembles Dubin-Johnson syndrome - but liver pigment missing.
237 - Duffy blood group system is named after Mr. Duffy - a patient with hemophilia in whom anti-Fya was discovered by Cutbush in 1950; abbreviation Fy used because “Du” had already been taken; Fy6 antigen is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax.
238 - Dubin-Johnson syndrome is mostly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia from defect in transport of bilirubin and other organic anions across the canaliculus; other liver function tests normal; accumulation of dark pigment in liver lysosomes.
239 - Vincent’s infection is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - occurring in patients with decreased resistance to infection - from concurrent infection with the symbiotic bacteria Fusobacterium fusiforme and Borrelia vincentii.
240 - Dance’s sign is empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal intussusception.
241 - Pickwickian syndrome is obesity hypoventilation syndrome defined by extreme obesity and alveolar hypoventilation during wakefulness - characterized by hypersomnolence - dyspnea - hypoxemia (cyanosis - polycythemia - and plethora) - and pulmonary hypertension leading to RV failure and edema; based upon Charles Dickens’ book “The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club” and the character Joe who was a “wonderfully fat boy - standing upright with his eyes closed”.
242 - Voight - lines of is boundaries which delimit distribution area of main cutaneous nerves; seen in black and Asian skin and rarely in white subjects.
243 - Aaron's sign is a referred pain felt in the epigastrium upon continuous firm pressure over McBurney's point. It is indicative of appendicitis.Aaron's sign is named for Charles Dettie Aaron, an American gastroenterologist.
244 - Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is reactive exanthem - first described in association with hepatitis B infection (papular acrodermatitis of childhood - papular eruption on face and limbs); also associated with EBV - CMV infection.
245 - Claude’s syndrome is third nerve palsy combined with contralateral ataxia with midbrain infarction and injury to both red nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle (includes signs of both Nothnagel’s and Benedikt’s syndrome).
246 - Parinaud’s syndrome is dorsal midbrain syndrome with supranuclear vertical gaze disorder from damage to posterior commissure with loss of upgaze - convergence-retraction nystagmus - downward ocular deviation - lid retraction - due to hydrocephalus from aqueductal stenosis - pineal region tumors.
247 - Fay sign is in carotid arteritis - pressure along the carotid causing pain to spread in distal branches of external carotid to jaw - ear - and temple.
248 - fox sign is seen in acute pancreatitis .Fox's sign is in hemorrhagic pancreatitis - ecchymosis of the inguinal ligament due to blood tracking from the retroperitoneum and collecting at the inguinal ligament.
249 - floating water lily sign is seen in x-ray of hydatid cyst of liver .
250 - HACEK group of organisms - HEMOPHILUS , ACTINOBACILLUS , CARDIOBACTERIUM , EIKINELLA and KINGINELLA .
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