138 - continuous murmur causes

2q: continuous murmur is found in ?

 

1. AS combined with AR
2. Systemic AV fistula
3. PDA with reversal of shunt
4. Aortopulmonary window
5. Rupture of sinus of valsalva

 

Answer:  b , d , e .

 

Here are the list of causes of all the conditions which causes continuous murmurs :

 

1. PDA ( patent ductus arteriosus )
2. congenital or acquired systemic arteriovenous ( AV ) fistula , coronary AV fistula
3. anomalous origin of LCA from pulmonary artery
4. ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm
5. coarctation of aorta
6. aortopulmonary window