11q: what is the most common thoracotomy approach for echocardiography guided pericardiocentesis ?
a. apical
b. parasternal
c. subxiphoid
d. all are done with equal frequency
12q: what type of thoracotomy approach is most commonly done for recurrent cardiac tamponades ?
a. apical
b. parasternal
c. subxiphoid
d. all are done with equal frequency
13q: pericardial fluid obtained from an effusion often has the physical characteristics of ?
a. transudate
b. exudate
c. blood stained fluid
d. none
14q: what is the most common cause of bloody fluid in the pericardium in united states of America ?
a. neoplasm
b. tuberculosis
c. trauma
d. other infections
15q: what is the most common cause of the bloody fluid in the pericardium in developing countries ( like India ) ?
a. tuberculosis
b. neoplasm
c. trauma
d. other infections
16q: transudative pericardial effusions can occur in which of the following conditions ?
a. neoplasms
b. heart failure
c. inflammatory conditions
d. infections
17q: elevated levels of which enzyme are present in pericardial fluid removed from a tubercular pericardial effusion patient ?
a. lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH )
b. adenosine deaminase
c. alanine transminase
d. aspartate transaminase
No comments:
Post a Comment