601 – most common congenital defect seen in diabetic pregnant woman ?
a- cardiac defect
b- lung defect
c- renal defect
d- liver defect
answer is a .
602 – most common group of diseases following mendelian inheritance are?
a- autosomal dominant
b- autosomal recessive
c- x- linked dominant
d- x- linked recessive
answer is a .
603 – which one of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder ?
a- cystic fibrosis
b- hereditary spherocytosis
c- sickle cell anemia
d- G6PD deficiency
Answer is b .
604 – which one of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder ?
a- achondroplasia
b- hemochromatism
c- wilson’s disease
d- cystic fibrosis
answer is a .
605 – which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder ?
a- DMD
b- Fragile X syndrome
c- Fanconi’s syndrome
d- Huntington’s disease
Answer is d .
606 – which of the following is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder ?
a- cystic fibrosis
b- phenyl ketonuria
c- alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency
d- familial hypercholesterolemia
answer is d .
607 – which of the following is autosomal dominant ?
a- retinoblastoma
b- ataxia telangiectasia
c- bloom’s syndrome
d- xeroderma pigmentosa
answer is a .
608 – thymoma can be associated with all except ?
a- superior mediastinum syndrome
b- myasthenia gravis
c- hypergammaglobulinemia
d- pure red cell aplasia
answer is c . it is not hyper but hypogammaglobulinemia.
609 – the chances of having an unaffected baby when both parents have achondroplasia are?
Answer: 25 % .
610 – a couple with a family history of beta thalassemia major in a distant relative , has come for counseling . the husband has Hb A2 of 4.8% and the wife has a Hb A2 of 2.3 % . the risk of having a child with beta thalassemia major are ?
answer : 0 % . thalassemia has autosomal recessive inheritance . normal values of Hb A2 are 1.5 to 3 % . so wife is normal but the husband has thalassemia minor and so there are no chances of kids developing thalassemia major.
611 – down’s syndrome
1. increased BETA HCG and INHIBIN ( h for high )
2. decreased UNCONJUGATED OESTRIOL and ALPHA FETOPROTEIN .
Q- triple test for diagnosis of down’s syndrome includes all of the following except ?
a. beta hcg
b. alpha fetoprotein
c. serum HPL level
d. serum oestriol level
answer is c .
612 – diagnosis of down’s syndrome best test ? amniocentesis .
exception to this rule is during the 9 to 12 weeks period where CHORIONIC VILLOUS SAMPLING is preferred over amniocentesis .
Q- which of the following is the investigation of choice in a pregnant lady at 18 weeks of pregnancy with past history of delivering a baby with down’s syndrome .
Answer : amniocentesis .
613 – diagnosis of down syndrome at 11 weeks is best assessed by ?
answer : chorionic villous biopsy.
614 – a 35 year old female with a previous history of down’s syndrome child presents with 18 weeks of amenorrhea .the investigation of choice to rule out down’s syndrome in the present pregnancy is ?
answer : amniocentesis .
615 – which of the following is the feature of Y chromosome ?
answer : acrocentric. X chromosome is submetacentric .
616 – thymectomy for MG is preferred for all except ?
a- thymoma
b- thymic hyperplasia
c- young females
d- males over 66 years
answer is d .
617 – which investigation is not done in brain tumor ?
a- CT Scan
b- MRI
c- X ray skull
d- Lumbar puncture
Answer is d .
618 – according to glasgow coma scale a verbal score of 1 indicates ?
a – no response
b- incomprehensible sounds
c- inappropriate words
d- disoriented response
answer is a . no response.
619 – most common cause of ashermann’s syndrome is ?
a- trauma
b- Cu T insertion
c- Curettage
d- Forceps application
Answer is c .
620 – martel’s sign is seen in ?
answer : gout .
621 – teitz’s syndrome usually develops at which coastal cartilage ?
answer : second coastal cartilage .
622 – in leprosy most common renal lesion seen is ?
answer : MPGN .
623 – thyroid carcinoma most likely to metastasise to bone is ?
a- hurthle cell carcinoma
b- papillary
c- medullary
d- follicular
answer is a .
624 – cushing’s syndrome is not seen in ?
a- pituitary microadenoma
b- adrenal ca
c- oat cell ca of lung
d- medulloblastoma
answer is d .
625 – drug of choice in senile osteoporosis ?
a- oestrogens
b- androgens
c- calcitonin
d- etidronate
answer is d . etidronate .
626 – Monday chest tightness – byssinosis – cotton dust .
627 – bronchial asthma is associated with raised levels of ?
a- leukotrienes
b- PGI2
c- PGI1
d- Thromboxane
Answer is a . leukotrienes .
628 – best test for small intestinal malabsorption of carbohydrates?
a- shilling test
b- D xylose test
c- Lund meal test
d- Follacin test
Answer is b . D xylose test .
629 – most common site for leiyomyoma among the following ?
a- stomach
b- small intestine
c- duodenum
d- colon
answer is a . stomach .
630 – CSF glucose is ?
a- half of plasma glucose
b- 2/3 of plasma glucose
c- 1/3 of plasma glucose
d- same as plasma glucose
answer is b .
631 – ONION SKIN SPLEEN is seen in ?
answer: SLE .
632 – heberden’s nodes – osteoarthritis .
633 – schober’s index is ?
answer : flexion of lumbar spine .
634 – direct thrombin inhibitor – argotraban .
635 – causation of pancreatitis – L. asparginase
636 – lupus erythematosus like syndrome is caused by which drug ?
answer : procainamide . captopril causes taste disturbances.
637 – the commonest site of obstruction in gall stone ileus is ?
a- proximal ileum
b- distal ileum
c- ileocaecal junction
d- transverse colon
answer is b . distal ileum .
638 – most common site of gall stone impaction ?
a- duodenojejunal junction
b- proximal to ileocaecal junction
c- distal to ileocaecal junction
d- colon
answer is b .
639 – the most common site of intestinal obstruction in gall stone ileus ?
a- duodenum b- ileum
b- jejunum d- sigmoid colon
answer is ileum .
640 – bedsore is an example of which type of ulcer?
answer: trophic ulcer .
641 – ainhum is seen in ?
a- base of great toe
b- base of finger tips
c- base of toe
d- ankle
answer is c . mostly fifth toe .
642 – hydrocele is which type of cyst ?
a- retention cyst
b- distension cyst
c- exudation cyst
d- traumatic cyst
answer is c . exudation cyst .
643 – decrum’s disease is commonest in ?
a- face b- arm c- back d-thigh
answer is c . back or trunk .
644 – type of fibroadenosis most likely to undergo malignant change ?
a- epitheliosis b- adenosis c- sclerosing adenosis d- cystic
answer is a . epitheliosis .
645 – commonest type of carcinoma breast ?
answer : infiltrative ductal carcinoma ( type of invasive )
646 – recurrent laryngeal nerve is in close association with ?
answer : inferior thyroid artery.
647 – superior thyroid artery is in close association with which nerve ?
answer : external laryngeal nerve.
648 – schatazki’s ring is ?
answer: mucosal ring at squamo-columnar junction , dysphagia is the symptom.
649 – kiss cancer of the urinary bladder is ?
ans: benign ( verify ).
650 – treatment of thimble bladder ?
ans: anti-tubercular drugs + ileocystoplasty .
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651 - vaccines without any herd immunity ?
answer : tetanus and BCG .
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652 - vaccines with good herd effect ?
answer : OPV and measles .
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653 - live vaccine requiring multiple doses to induce immunity ?
answer : OPV.
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654 - a girl named stiff usha came running and sat on a small chair in her house , then her dad came and held her hand and she climbed upstairs . there she went to a drawer and opened it , but found nothing . then she went to a nearby waste basket and started searching . she first found 4 cubes with which she built a tower , later she found a book with pictures and started indentifying the pictures . she looked at a naked man's picture and cud name only one or two body parts . then she started scribbling on the pictures , which were vertical strokes mostly . then she found a bottle filled with mud and emptied it onto herself . realising she was wet and muddy she ran and complained to her mother . her mother started feeding her but she took the plate from her mother and started eating with her own hands. her mother started saying " this girl can only say 10 words but she makes lot of noise" . the girl then kissed her parent with a pucker and ran away .
all these happen at 18 months or 1 1/2 year of age .
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655 - 1 , 3 , 7 , 12 , 16 - chromosmes involved in ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease.
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656 - Hb A 2 - Alpha 2 Delta 2
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657 - new drugs
--------------------------------
2005
--------------------------------
Exenatide: For the adjunctive treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mecasermin: For the treatment of growth failure due to Primary IGFD
Pramlintide: For the treatment of type I and type II diabetes
Tipranavir: For the adjunctive treatment of HIV-1 infections
Entecavir: For the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infections with evidence of active viral replication
Ibandronate: For the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis
Galsulfase: For the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome)
Ramelteon: For the treatment of sleep-onset insomnia
Natalizumab: For the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis
Nelarabine: For the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
--------------------------------
2004
--------------------------------
Bevacizumab: For the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum
Cetuximab: For the treatment of EGFR-expressing, metastatic colorectal cancer
Azacitidine: For the treatment of several myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes including refractory and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias
Telithromycin: For the treatment of infections caused by bronchitis, bacterial sinusitis and Community-acquired pneumonia
Rifaximin: For the treatment of Travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli
Fosrenol, lanthanum carbonate; For the treatment of hyperphosphatemia related to kidney dysfunction
Trospium chloride: For the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence
Cinacalcet: For the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia in parathyroid carcinoma patients
Solifenacin succinate: For the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence
Eszopiclone: For the treatment of insomnia and sleep maintenance
Natalizumab: For the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (currently suspended in US)
clofarabine: For the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients
Erlotinib, OSI 774: For the treatment of advanced refractory metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Pegaptanib: For the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration
Duloxetine: For the treatment of major depressive disorder
Tiotropium bromide: For the treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--------------------------------
2003
--------------------------------
Rosuvastatin calcium: For the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia
Vardenafil: For the treatment of erectile dysfunction related to sexual activity in men
Alefacept: For moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis
Laronidase: For the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) in subjects aged 5 to 65
Agalsidase beta: For the treatment of Fabry disease in adult patients
Pegvisomant: Injectable formulation for the treatment of acromegaly
Palonosetron: For the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy
Aprepitant: For the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy
Bexxar; For the treatment of patients with CD20 positive, follicular, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following chemotherapy relapse
Atazanavir sulfate: For the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents
Zemaira (alpha1-proteinase inhibitor: For the treatment of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (Alpha-1) and emphysema
Enfuvirtide: For the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents
Fosamprenavir calcium: For the treatment of HIV infection in adults in combination with other antiretroviral agents
Atazanavir sulfate: For the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents
Laronidase: For the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) in subjects aged 5 to 65
Ibandronate: For the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis
Pegvisomant: Injectable formulation for the treatment of acromegaly
Bortezomib: Injectable agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least two prior therapies
Agalsidase beta: For the treatment of Fabry disease in adult patients
Tadalafil: Oral agent for the treatment for erectile dysfunction
Memantine: For the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type
Palonosetron: For the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy
Aprepitant: For the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy
Gefitinib: For the second-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer
Bortezomib: Injectable agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least two prior therapies.
Gefitinib: For the second-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer
Note: References: FDA Website (main source of background information).
We recieved some feedback from students that this list does not cover Herceptin (new breast cancer drug). We should mention here that Herceptin was approved in 1998 (not in last three years as covered by the list above) and we have a dedicated article covering it at http://www.rxpgonline.com/article1478.html.
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658 - many common medications cause hyperprolactinemia, usually with prolactin levels of less than 100 ng/mL.
Drugs that may cause the condition include the following:
* Dopamine-receptor antagonists (eg, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes, risperidone, metoclopramide, sulpiride, pimozide)
* Dopamine-depleting agents (eg, methyldopa, reserpine)
* Others (eg, isoniazid, danazol, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine antihypertensives, verapamil, estrogens, antiandrogens, cyproheptadine, opiates, H2-blockers [cimetidine], cocaine).
Use of prescription drugs is the most common cause of hyperprolactinaemia. Prolactin secretion in the pituitary is normally suppressed by the brain chemical dopamine. Drugs that block the effects of dopamine at the pituitary or deplete dopamine stores in the brain may cause the pituitary to secrete prolactin. These drugs include the major tranquilizers (phenothiazines), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), and haloperidol (Haldol); some antipsychotic medications; metoclopramide (Reglan), used to treat gastroesophageal reflux and the nausea caused by certain cancer drugs; and, less often, alpha-methyldopa and reserpine, used to control hypertension; and oestrogens and TRH.
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659 - arsenic - marsh's test
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660 - filigree burns - lightening burns
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661 - odourless poisoning - calotropis .
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662 - lucid interval - extradural hemorrhage .
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663 - gettler's test - death due to drowning .
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664 - kleptomania is a type of ?
a- obsession
b- delusion
c- illusion
d- impulse neurosis
answer is d . impulse neurosis .
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665 - which poisoning resembles tetanus ?
answer : strychnine poisoning .
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666 - bhang - cannabis sativa .
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667 - cafe coronary - death due to choking .
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668 - spontaneous absorption of lenticular material is seen in ?
answer : HALLERMANN STREIFF SYNDROME .
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669 - at what blood concentration of alcohol is the vehicle driver considered dead drunk ?
answer : 0.3 % .
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670 - a person is declared dead if he is not found for ?
answer : 7 years .
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671 - pugilistic attitude - burns .
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672 - poroscopy is useful in ?
a- race determination
b- age determination
c- sex determination
d- identification of a person
answer is d . identification of a person - further study of finger prints .
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673 - superimposition technique is applied to establish the identity of an individual from ?
a- skull
b- mandible
c- pelvis
d- long bones
answer is a .
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674 - atropine sulphate - antidote for - organophosphorous poisoning .
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675 - gutter fracture - skull - bullet injury - glance bullet
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676 - pectus carinatum - pigeon chest - childhood asthma .
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677 - spinal cord ends at - L 1 lower border .
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678 - normal GFR - 120 ml/min .
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679 - posterior column transmits - touch and proprioception .
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680 - anterior cruciate ligament - prevents - anterior translation of tibia .
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681 - esthiomene ( eating away ) - caused by LGV .
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682 - smoke stack appearance on fluoroscein angiogram is seen in ?
answer : central serous retinopathy .
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683 - An allograft or allogeneic transplant or homograft is a transplant in which transplanted cells, tissues, or organs are sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
In contrast, a transplant from another species is called a xenograft. When a transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically identical donor, i.e., an identical twin, is termed an isograft. Finally, when a tissue is transplanted from one site to another on the same patient, it is termed an autograft.
Allografts and xenografts will be recognised by the recipient's immune system as foreign and will therefore be attacked in a process termed rejection. This does not occur in autografts or true isografts, although in practice, transplants between identical twins are usually covered with immunosuppressants in case they are not 100% genetically identical.
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684 - a 18yr old female has cinema sign positive.she probably has
a)osteochondritis dissecans
b)osteomalacia
c)chondromalacia patellae
d)carpal tunnel syn
answer is c .chondromalcia patellae .
athlete complains of peripatellar pain with high impact activities and with prolonged knee flexion (Cinema Sign) .
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685 - Patella Alta
In patella alta the kneecap rides too high up on the femur (thigh bone). This happens in quite a few people and may never do any harm. However, at the higher end of the thigh bone the groove in which the patellar slides is much shallower than it is in the normal position, so people with patella alta are more likely to dislocate their kneecaps.
Patella alta is also seen in patellar tendon rupture.
Patella Baja
Patella baja is the opposite of patella alta - the kneecap rides too low down the femur. This may occur on its own or, more commonly, it may be a result of the patellar tendon shortening after surgery or injury and pulling the patella downwards. This condition causes pain rather than dislocation.
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686 - thomas test is for identifying which deformity
1.fixed flexion deformity
2.fxd extn def
3.spinal def
4.rotational def
answer is a . of hip .
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687 - m.c site for osteoid osteoma is femur and tibia while incase of osteoblastoma affects mainly spine and flat bones.
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688 - ewings tumour arises from
1.mesothelial cell
2.endothelial c
3.squamous c
4.none of the above
They arise from the Endothelial cells of medullary cavity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
689 - exercise improves the pain of
1.OA
2.Ankylosing spondylitis
3.neurogenic jnt
4.RA
answer is 2 .
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690 - treatment of wilson's disease ?
answer : pencillamine .
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691 - endemic hemoptysis is caused by ?
answer : paragonimus westermani.
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692 - differential clubbing is seen in ?
a- coarctation of aorta
b- PDA with reversal of shunts
c- eisenmenger's complex
d- all the above
answer is d . all the above.
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693 - O group blood will have ?
answer : no agglutinogens , but A and B agglutinins .
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694 - A group blood will have ?
answer : A agglutinogen and B agglutinin .
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695 - nucleoside = base + sugar . nucleoside + phosphate = nucleotide .
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696 - heparin - SULPHATED D-GLUCOSAMINE and D-GLUCURONIC ACID .
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697 - serotonin is a derivative of ?
answer : tryptophan .
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698 - donovanosis is caused by ?
answer : calymmatobacterium granulomatis .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
699 - viviparous parasite among the following ?
a- wuchereria bancrofti
b- ascaris
c- ankylostoma
d- trichuris
answer : wuchereria .
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700 - ring worm is caused by ?
answer : trichophyton .
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