41 - tumor markers

AFP: = raised—in-- ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR (yolk sac tumors), hepatoma, Teratoma.
(Note in down’s synd. AFP. is decreased and in seminoma and dysgerminoma it is not raised / not found.)

Alpha-HCG: --Pituitary tumour & zollinger-ellison synd.

Beta 2 microglobulin = for multiple myeloma,

Beta-HCG: = in Choriocarcinoma.

BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 ---- Breast Cancer Gene 1 and Breast Cancer Gene 2 ---- breast or ovarian cancer

Bence Jones Proteins---Multiple myeloma,

CA 15-3----in BREAST Ca.

CA 19-9 is a tumour marker---used in pancreatic carcinoma,

CA 72-4--- Gastric CA.

CA 125—in OVARIAN Ca., Epithetial(esp. SEROUS)

Calcitonin ---in medullary thyroid carcinoma

CEA ---- Carcinoembryonic Antigen ---- colorectal ca.

CALLA---B cell ALL and AML in Blast phase.

Her-2/neu ---- Human epidermal growth factor receptor ---- breast cancer tumor = positive for Her-2/neu = guides treatment and determine prognosis.

INHIBIN --GRANULOSA CELL TUMOUR

LDH: ---in DYSGERMINOMA

Neuron Specific Enolase-(NSE)-----neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma lung...

PSA -- Prostate specific antigen ---- Prostate cancer,

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)---- Metastatic prostate cancer.

Thyroglobulin --HTg human thyroid thyroglobin = for differentiated thyroid tumour only.

TESTOSTERONE: --in LEYDIG CELL T, SERTOLI CELL TUMOUR, HILUS CELL Tumour

S-100-------melanoma,neural tumours

CD-25-------Hairy cell leukemia, Adult T-cell leukemia / lymphoma.

TA-4 and SCC-----CA cervix

BTA (Bladder tumour antigen)-------Bladder (Help diagnose and determine recurrence)

NMP22--------Bladder (Help diagnose and determine recurrence)

TA-90 ----Metastatic melanoma (Help diagnose))

Cancer antigen 27-29 -----Elevated cancer antigen 27-29 levels are associated with cancers of the colon, stomach, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, uterus, and liver.

(First-trimester pregnancy, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, benign breast disease, kidney disease, and liver disease are noncancerous conditions that are also associated with increased cancer antigen 27-29 levels. )




uses of tumour markers

Help diagnose
CA 72-4 (Cancer antigen 72-4)
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
S-100
TA-90


Monitor treatment
NSE (Neuron-specific enolase)


Monitor treatment and determine recurrence
CEA


Help diagnose and determine recurrence
BTA (Bladder tumour antigen)
NMP22


Help diagnose, monitor treatment, and determine recurrence
AFP
hCG
Monoclonal immunoglobulins
PSA
Calcitonin



Stage disease, monitor treatment, and determine recurrenceCA 15-3
CA 19-9
CA-125



Determine prognosis and guide treatment
Oestrogen receptors
Her-2/neu
Progesterone receptors



Determine prognosis
B2M (Beta-2 microglobulin)



Determine recurrence
thyroglobulin